Insomnia May Identify Teens at Risk for Early Adult Depression and Substance Abuse

In a recent study published in the journal Sleep, researchers have identified insomnia in teens as a potential risk factor for developing early adult depression and substance abuse.

The study involved 4494 adolescents who self-reported information about sleep, mental health, and other factors. Those who indicated trouble falling asleep or staying asleep during the past 12 months "Every day" or "Almost every day" were classified in the Insomnia group. This included 9.4% of the adolescents. After 6-7 years, follow-up was done and it was found that those with insomnia symptoms had a higher use of alcohol, cannabis, and other drugs. In addition, they were more likely to have depression, suicidal thoughts, and attempts of suicide. Those with insomnia as teens were 2.3 times more likely to develop depression in early adulthood.

Those individuals who initially exhibited symptoms of depression were excluded, and the relationship was still present. This study suggests that insomnia might increase not only the incidence but also the severity of mental illness, and may be a sign of early disease. In addition, chronic insomnia might lead to mood changes and choices that have adverse health consequences. The research does have limitations, but the importance of early recognition and treatment of insomnia, mental illness, and substance abuse among young adults cannot be overlooked.