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Your Guide to Sleep Disorders.
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SYMPTOMS

Narcolepsy is a widespread disorder, affecting and afflicting more than a hundred thousand people in America. It's the second leading cause of daytime drowsiness, surpassed only by obstructive sleep apnea.

Characterized by recurrent attacks of sleepiness during the day, narcolepsy is debilitating and disabling. Routine tasks are done automatically and often the sufferer may not remember doing them.

Another symptom is the sudden loss of muscular control (cataplexy) when angry, laughing, or in any state of high emotion. The person may even fall to floor and be able to move or speak for a short time.

Some people are plagued by nightmares and hallucinations. They are terrified because they are unable to move (sleep paralysis,) call out or escape from the dream.

As well as being a disabling disorder, narcolepsy can be Sleep attacks can come at any time, for instance while the person is operating a vehicle, using sharp electrical tools or carrying an infant.

CAUSES

Narcolepsy appears to be hereditary, and there is evidence of a defective gene. The disorder is not restricted to humans. It also occurs in cats, dogs, horses -- and even in brahma bulls.

If you suspect that you, or some member of your family, may be a victim of narcolepsy, treatment should begin with a correct diagnosis. This is done in a Sleep Lab where sleep patterns are monitored. The tests rule out other causes of the drowsiness such as sleep apnea.

TREATMENT

Self-help treatment that may help includes such behavioral changes as implementing short naps, better sleep habits and a reduction of stress. Avoidance of stimulants like caffeine and nicotine in the evenings may also be beneficial.

Doctors may prescribe medications to help control the symptoms of narcolepsy. However, many times the side effects of these drugs are worse than the original ailments.

Melatonin is a natural hormone produced by the pineal gland. It controls the sleep/wake rhythm of the body. It has been used with some success in controlling the symptoms of narcolepsy and other sleep disturbances. However, another study suggests that Melatonin may have adverse effects. It may cause nightmares and worsen depression. Further testing is advised before this hormone is given the green light.

A new drug, Modafinil, received FDA approval in December, 1998. It seems to be effective in controlling the symptoms of narcolepsy, and has fewer adverse side effects than the amphetamines, such as Dexedrine and Ritalin. However, it is a new drug, and only time will reveal whether it will be effective with long term use or if a drug tolerance will develop.